Mongolia in Brief

Land boundaries: 8,158 km, with Russia 3,485 km and with China 4,673 km

Altitude: Average altitude is 1,580 m above sea level with highest point Huiten Peak at Altai Tavan Bogd at 4,374 m above sea level and lowest point being Huh Nuur depression at 560 m altitude.

Terrain: Mountain steppes in central and northern regions, high mountains in west and vast semi-desert and desert plains in the south

People: Khalkha Mongols (86%), over 20 smaller Mongolian ethnic groups and Kazaks (6%)

Languages: Official language is Mongolian.

Religions: Tibetan Buddhism, Muslim, Christian and Shamanism

Climate: Relatively dry with extreme continental temperatures. Average summer temperature + 20 C, Average winter temperature -23 C, average rainfall 200-220 mm. Winter lasts from November to mid March, Spring April through May, Summer from June through to September.

Economy: Traditionally based on agriculture, livestock breeding (camels, cattle, horses, goats and sheep), mining (coal, gold, copper and uranium).

Political system: Parliamentary republic. State Great Khural (Parliament), with 76 members elected for four years. The last election was in June, 2020. President elected for four years. Prime Minister appointed by State Great Khural for four years.

Judicial system: Mongolian judicial system consists of Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, Aimag and capital city courts, Soum and district courts.

State structure: Mongolia is unitary state and divided administratively into Aimags (21) and a capital city; Aimags subdivide into soums; soums into bags; and a capital city into districts; districts into khoroos.

National currency: Tugrug (MNT), USD 1 equals approx. 2812 tugrugs as of June 2020.

Public holidays: December 31-January 1-New Year, 3 days in January/ February-Mongolia New Year (Tsagaan Sar), June 1- Mother and Children day, July 11-13-National Holiday (Naadam)

Time: Add 8 hour to Greenwich Mean Time

Normal working hours: 08.00-12.00 and 13.00-17.00

Electric current: 220 volts/ 50 HZ Mongolia in brief

Visa arrangements: Visa shall be issued by Mongolian Embassies and Diplomatic Missions as well as Honorary consuls of Mongolia, or can be obtained at the airport at a cost of US 53$ but must be accompanied by an invitation.Visa

Geography

Mongolia lies between Russia to the North and China to the South. The total land of area is 1,566,000 square kilometres. And Mongolia is the 17th largest and the most sparsely populated independent country in the world, with a population of around 3 million people.

The geography of the country is characterized by great diversity. From north to south, it can be divided into four areas: mountain-forest steppe, mountain steppe and, in the extreme south, semi-desert and desert . In contrast to most visitors’ expectations, much of the country’s territory is mountainous. The principal mountains  concentrate in the west, with much of this region having elevations above 2,000 meters. The country’s highest peaks are permanently snow-capped land covered with glaciers.

Mountains and dense forest dominate central and northern Mongolia. The grasslands cover large areas of this region. Across the eastern part of the country stretches the vast grasslands of the Central Asian steppe. The steppe grades into the Gobi desert, which extends throughout southern Mongolia from the east to the west of the country.

The Gobi Desert is mostly gravely, but also contains large areas of sand dunes in the drier areas of the Gobi near the southern border. The highest point in Mongolia is Nayramadlin Orgil at 4,374 meters (14,350 feet). The lowest point is Huh Nuur, at 560 meters (1,700 feet). Mongolia in Brief and read more